Spaying and neutering are common veterinary procedures that involve removing the reproductive organs of animals. These surgeries are often recommended as a means to control pet population, prevent certain health issues, and mitigate problematic behaviors. However, recent studies suggest that the optimal age for these procedures may not be as straightforward as previously thought. We realize this is a hotly debated topic and I want to keep it centered on health not propaganda. We don’t want unwanted pets in shelters or being euthanized any more than any one else does but this does not mean the answer is to spay and neuter every dog. We can prevent reproduction without removing organs if that is what we are after. Here are some short answers first. Early spay and neuter prevent the body from sending signals to the growth plates in the bones telling them to close and stop growing so early spay and neuter pets will grow taller and lanky than intact dogs. There is research to indicate the reproductive organs are also endocrine glands and by removing them we are reducing lifespan by up to two years. Research shows that females spayed before age two have a high risk of incontinence.

What are Spaying and Neutering?

Spaying (also known as ovariohysterectomy) refers to the surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus in female pets, while neutering (or castration) involves removing the testicles in males1. Both procedures are performed under general anesthesia and require varying recovery times based on the pet’s age, breed, and overall health.

The Controversy Surrounding Spaying and Neutering

The debate around spaying and neutering revolves around the timing and necessity of the procedures. Proponents argue that these surgeries can prevent unwanted litters, reduce the risk of certain cancers, and decrease aggressive or marking behaviors2.

On the other hand, critics point out potential drawbacks, such as increased risk for obesity, orthopedic problems, and adverse reactions to anesthesia3. Some also argue that these procedures may alter a pet’s natural behavior and hormonal balance.

Latest Research: Waiting Until Two Years Old

Recent studies suggest that waiting until pets are at least two years old to spay or neuter can be advantageous4. This shift in paradigm is mainly due to findings indicating that early spaying or neutering can interfere with a pet’s growth and development, potentially leading to long-term health issues.

One study found that intact German Shepherd males and females were more trainable than neutered dogs for police dog narcotics olfaction performance and behavior4. This suggests that hormones, which are affected by spaying/neutering, can play a role in a dog’s trainability and work performance.

Another research indicated that neutered animals, especially females, lived longer than their intact counterparts3. The study suggests that waiting until pets are more mature before neutering could contribute to increased lifespan.

Here is some more compelling information not to spay or neuter early:

https://gpmcf.org/respectovaries.html

https://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/11/11/1434.full

Impact on Health-Related Behaviors

The timing of spaying/neutering can also impact health-related behaviors. For example, early neutering has been associated with an increased risk of obesity, likely due to changes in metabolism and activity levels after the surgery3.

Recovery Process: Age Matters

The recovery process from spaying or neutering varies depending on the pet’s age. Younger pets typically recover faster due to their inherent resilience and ability to heal quickly. However, older pets may require more post-operative care and monitoring to ensure a smooth recovery5.

In conclusion, the decision to spay or neuter your pet and the timing of the procedure should be made in consultation with your veterinarian, taking into account the latest research, your pet’s breed, age, and overall health. As pet owners, our ultimate goal is to make choices that best support our pets’ well-being and longevity.